Final answer:
The term anthropoid refers to a group of primates that includes all monkeys, apes, and humans. This classification is larger and more advanced than prosimians and includes both New World and Old World monkeys, as well as apes and humans.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term anthropoid refers to a group of primates that includes all monkeys, apes, and humans. This classification distinguishes them from prosimians, like lemurs and tarsiers. Anthropoids are more advanced primates and include groups such as New World monkeys like howler monkeys and spider monkeys, as well as Old World monkeys like baboons and macaques. Further, they encompass the hominoids, which are the apes—gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas—and humans. These primates share various characteristics like larger brain sizes and more complex behaviors compared to prosimians.
As such, the correct answer to the question of what the term anthropoid refers to is a) all monkeys, apes, and humans. They exhibit a wide range of features, like being generalists in their diets and environments, and showcase a number of traits that are considered important evolutionary developments, such as increased brain size and social structures. Additionally, within the anthropoids, hominoids are the group without tails, which includes both lesser and great apes as well as humans.