Final answer:
The painting by Caravaggio featuring Judith's beheading of Holofernes is titled 'Judith Beheading Holofernes' and showcases the Baroque era's tenebrism and chiaroscuro techniques. Artemisia Gentileschi, influenced by Caravaggio, also created dramatic works using similar styles, depicting women as powerful and heroic figures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The title of the painting by Caravaggio where Judith beheads Holofernes is Judith Beheading Holofernes, completed in 1598. Caravaggio's technique in this painting incorporates tenebrism, a style characterized by dramatic illumination and stark contrasts between light and dark, often creating a spotlight effect on the subjects. This style is evident in Caravaggio's use of chiaroscuro, a technique that plays with deep shadows and intense highlights to shape the subjects and enhance the dramatic tension within the scene, which is also a hallmark of the Baroque period.
Artemisia Gentileschi, influenced by Caravaggio's theatrical use of light and shadow, also employed similar techniques in her painting Judith and Her Maidservant, the sequel to her work illustrating Judith slaying Holofernes. Gentileschi, considered the first female painter to gain widespread recognition, reinforced the same thematic elements of powerful, heroic women in works like Judith and Her Maidservant and Esther before Ahasuerus, using chiaroscuro to dramatize their narratives and portray their protagonists as bold and defiant.