Final answer:
The most appropriate public health response to a case of a contagious disease like N. meningitidis is tracking the source and providing antibiotic prophylaxis to close contacts, along with isolation measures to prevent further spread.
Step-by-step explanation:
Public Health Measures for Communicable Diseases
From a public health perspective, when dealing with an outbreak of a contagious disease such as N. meningitidis, which causes bacterial meningitis, immediate and appropriate actions are necessary. The priority should be the tracking of the source of the infection and providing antibiotic prophylaxis to those who have been in close contact with the infected person, as they are at risk of contracting the disease. While the scenario provided doesn't detail the exact nature of the pathogen involved, based on the information given, particularly regarding N. meningitidis, option A (Tracking of the source(s) and antibiotic prophylaxis to those who have been in near contact with her) would be the appropriate measure to implement. Isolation in a negative pressure room is also a key component of infection control for such diseases, especially within healthcare settings, to prevent airborne transmission.
Regarding the vaccination component, while vaccinating all 16-24-year-olds might seem like a broad approach, it is not the immediate public health action in the context of a specific case. Vaccination strategies are usually preventative and target broader populations over a longer term. Finally, consider that isolation and containment, including the use of a negative pressure room mentioned in option C, are critical in preventing the spread of communicable infections in healthcare settings. Nonetheless, the application of this measure depends on the mode of transmission and the pathogen involved.