Final answer:
The two principal forms of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which lead to airflow obstruction and reduced lung function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a group of lung diseases that cause obstructed airflow and reduced pulmonary ventilation. The two major COPDs are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation of the airways, leading to increased cough and phlegm. Emphysema is characterized by damage to the alveoli in the lungs, resulting in a decrease in surface area for gas exchange and trapped air.
Both conditions primarily stem from tobacco smoking, although factors like air pollution and genetics also play roles. Symptoms may include shortness of breath and a productive cough, and as the disease progresses, activities such as climbing stairs become challenging. Treatments such as supplemental oxygen and inhaled bronchodilators can alleviate symptoms but do not cure the disease; however, cessation of smoking can slow down its progression. Unlike COPD, asthma is an inflammatory disease with varying degrees of airflow obstruction and can respond well to environmental management and medications.