Final answer:
The diagram depicting cases reaching the Supreme Court through appeals illustrates appellate jurisdiction, which is the power of the Supreme Court to review and decide on cases that have been previously decided by lower courts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diagram showing cases reaching the Supreme Court through appeals is an example of appellate jurisdiction. In the federal court system, the district courts have original jurisdiction while the appellate courts, and the Supreme Court when acting on appeals from lower courts, have appellate jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court's original jurisdiction applies in specific cases, such as those involving disputes between states or cases involving ambassadors. However, most cases that the Supreme Court hears are on appeal, exercising its appellate jurisdiction, where it reviews decisions from lower courts such as the US Court of Appeals or state supreme courts.
The diagram you provided illustrates the process of appeals to the Supreme Court, which falls under appellate jurisdiction.
Appellate jurisdiction refers to the power of a court to review and hear cases on appeal from lower courts. In the diagram, the Supreme Court is depicted as the final court in which a case is heard after it has already been decided by a lower court. This aligns with the description of the Supreme Court's role as an appeals court, operating primarily under appellate jurisdiction.