Final answer:
Darwin's evolutionary concept is supported by fossil evidence, biogeography, comparative anatomy, embryology, and was influenced by the works of Charles Lyell and Thomas Malthus. Artificial selection provided a model for natural selection. Modern genetic studies continue to support Darwinian theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Evidence for Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection after making several key observations. Here are some lines of evidence Darwin used, along with their significance:
Fossil Evidence: Darwin noted the sequence and characteristics of fossils as support for gradual change over time in various species.
Geographical Distribution of Species: Observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, such as the diversity of Galápagos tortoises, showed how isolation on different islands could lead to species variations.
Comparative Anatomy: Similar structures in different species (homologous structures), adapted for different purposes, suggested a common ancestor.
Embryology: Similarities in early developmental stages in different species hinted at evolutionary connections.
The writings of Charles Lyell on geological gradualism and Thomas Malthus on population pressures gave Darwin insights into the slow pace of geological change and the struggle for survival, essential components for natural selection.
The Role of Artificial Selection
Darwin observed that breeders could select traits in plants and animals, which demonstrated the potential for selective pressures to shape species over time.
Since then, contemporary evidence such as DNA analysis and modern examples, like the beak variations in finches, have further supported Darwin's observations. These studies and more demonstrate the mechanisms of evolution, reinforcing the theory of natural selection as an ongoing process.