Final answer:
Elite members of society use monuments to reinforce their legitimacy by cultivating a national identity, glorifying past achievements, and linking themselves to a revered lineage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elite members of a society often use monuments to legitimize themselves and strengthen their hold over the population. Monuments serve as a powerful tool for cultivating a national identity and a sense of peoplehood, as elaborated by political scientist Benedict Anderson. They are part of the 'repertoire of methods' used by the state to summon loyalty and reinforce legitimacy. Through public rituals and symbols, such as historical monuments and national museums, elite figures can create an enduring image that highlights their importance and decision-making power within the political system. For example, the Statue of Liberty is not only a representation of the American presidents but also serves to elevate their status, creating an image of greatness that the current incumbent might be contrasted against.
The deliberate use of statuary and symbolism in monuments can directly link leaders to a revered past, establishing an ideological lineage. Examples include Alexander the Great's image on coinage, Caesar Augustus promoting the cult of Julius Caesar, and Napoleon's use of art to visually connect to previous French monarchs. Likewise, the lavish use of materials such as bronze, gold, and silk in monuments can demonstrate a ruler's wealth access through trade or conquest, impressing upon subjects their power and control.