Final answer:
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaques on the artery walls, narrowing and stiffening them, which may lead to cardiovascular disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atherosclerosis Explained
The disease in question is atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the buildup of fatty plaques deposited on the walls of arteries. These plaques reduce the elasticity of the artery walls due to the hardening effect of calcium crystals within them. Atherosclerosis is considered a form of arteriosclerosis, specifically referring to the accumulation of plaques made up of cholesterol, fats, white blood cells, and connective tissue. This buildup leads to a narrowing and stiffening of the arteries, which in turn impairs blood flow and can lead to serious cardiovascular complications such as heart attacks and strokes.
Several factors increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis. These include hypertension, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, age, male sex, and a family history of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, lifestyle choices such as a high-fat diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, and tobacco use contribute to the development of this condition. The involvement of inflammation and immune response plays a crucial role in plaque formation and growth within the artery walls.
Atherosclerosis is a disease where fatty plaques accumulate inside the arteries, leading to narrowed, stiffened arteries and reduced blood flow. It can result in severe cardiovascular events if untreated.