Final answer:
Temperament refers to innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment. Thomas and Chess identified three types of temperament: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up.
Step-by-step explanation:
Temperament refers to innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment. Thomas and Chess (1977) identified three types of temperament: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. Children with easy temperaments demonstrate positive emotions, adapt well to change, and are capable of regulating their emotions. In contrast, children with difficult temperaments demonstrate negative emotions, have difficulty adapting to change, and struggle with emotional regulation. Slow-to-warm-up children have a more cautious and subdued approach to new situations and may take longer to adjust.