Final answer:
The correct answer is B. Monarchy, where a king or queen rules and power is usually passed down through the family.
Step-by-step explanation:
In an monarchy, a king or queen rules the country. Monarchs usually come to power through their family. The correct answer is B. Monarchy. Unlike an oligarchy where a small group of elite individuals holds power, in a monarchy, the ruler typically inherits their position through a line of succession, which often involves hereditary transmission from one generation to the next. This form of rulership can range from absolute monarchies, where the monarch has significant control over the government, to constitutional monarchies, where the monarch's powers are largely ceremonial, and the real political power rests with other branches of government.