Final answer:
The Teres Minor is a shoulder muscle that plays a crucial role in lateral rotation, adduction, and stabilization of the humerus. It works in conjunction with other muscles and structures to facilitate arm movements and support the shoulder joint.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Teres Minor muscle is a part of the intricate structures allowing for various movements of the arm at the shoulder joint. It originates on the upper two-thirds of the lateral border of the scapula and inserts at the greater tubercle of the humerus. The main functions of Teres Minor include lateral rotation and adduction of the shoulder and stabilization of the humeral head within the glenoid cavity. It is innervated by the axillary nerve composed of nerve roots C5 and C6.
Alongside the Teres Minor, other muscles like the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and deltoid, contribute to the diverse range of movements at the shoulder. These muscles, particularly the rotator cuff muscles which include Teres Minor, provide the primary structural support for the shoulder by holding the humeral head in the glenoid cavity and by absorbing dynamic forces during arm movements.
Movements such as superior and inferior rotation of the scapula are essential for activities like lifting the arm above shoulder height and carrying heavy weights respectively. Shoulder joint support is enhanced not only by the dynamic adjustment of these muscles but also by various ligamentous structures and bursae aiding in the reduction of friction.