Question

In addition to the "domed basilica" plan represented by the Hagia Sophia, what other types of plans were used for Byzantine churches? What is the most common and distinctive design plan?

Answer 1

In Byzantine architecture, the central plan, characterized by a central dome and often shaped like a circle or a Greek cross, became prevalent alongside the traditional longitudinal basilica plan, symbolizing spiritual concepts and influenced by Classical architecture.

Step-by-step explanation:

In Byzantine architecture, aside from the renowned domed basilica represented by the Hagia Sophia, another common and distinctive plan for churches was the central plan. The basilica plan, with its longitudinal layout, was traditionally the most popular due to its functional design.

However, the central plan, characterized by its centrally positioned dome and equal measurements from the center, became more prevalent during the Middle Byzantine period. This plan often took the shape of a circle or a Greek cross, allowing for a symmetrical and unified space that encouraged worshippers to look upwards towards the heavens. This architectural style was greatly influenced by Classical and ancient Roman architecture, such as the Pantheon, and held spiritual significance, symbolizing the perfection and eternity of God. An example of a church showcasing this central plan is the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy.