Final answer:
Tony is violating fair housing laws by practicing steering, which is discriminatory and perpetuates segregation in housing markets.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Tony, a real estate licensee, steers a buyer to an ethnic neighborhood based on national origin, he is violating fair housing laws. This practice, known as steering, is a form of discrimination that perpetuates segregation. After 1948, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled restrictive covenants unconstitutional, but alternative tactics emerged, such as realtors refusing to sell houses in white neighborhoods to ethnic minority groups or lenders engaging in mortgage discrimination. Discrimination in housing not only limits where people can live but also affects access to other opportunities, such as employment, due to the connection between residential areas and resources like good schools.