Final answer:
The tend-and-befriend theory is a newer theory of stress response researched by Shelley Taylor and colleagues, offering an alternative to the classic fight-or-flight response by emphasizing social affiliation and nurturing actions in response to stress. The correct option is a) Tend-and-Befriend
Step-by-step explanation:
The newer theory of stress response found by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues is known as tend-and-befriend. This theory suggests that in addition to the well-established fight-or-flight response, humans may also respond to stress through social affiliation and nurturing behaviors aimed at protecting themselves and one's offspring.
These actions can be especially prevalent in females, offering an alternative to the fight-or-flight response, which is characterized by aggression or retreat in the face of a threat.
The fight-or-flight response is part of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), which describes the body's short-term and long-term reactions to stress, including the stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and eventually exhaustion if the stress persists. The correct option is a) Tend-and-Befriend