Question

How do transposons insert themselves into the genome?

A)Through reverse transcription
B)Via homologous recombination
C)Using transposase enzymes
D)By DNA ligase activity

Answer 1

Transposons insert themselves into the genome using transposase enzymes in a cut-and-paste or replicative process, which adds genetic diversity to the organism.

Step-by-step explanation:

Transposons, also known as 'jumping genes,' insert themselves into the genome using transposase enzymes. These enzymes facilitate the movement of the transposon from one part of the genome to another. In a process known as 'transposition,' which can happen through a 'cut-and-paste' or 'replicative' mechanism, the transposase catalyzes the excision of the transposon and its insertion into a new location. This movement introduces genetic diversity and can affect gene expression by activating or inactivating genes.

Transposase enzymes excise the transposon by creating a staggered cut, which maintains the integrity of the transposon ends. These enzymes also mediate the replication of the transposon if the movement is through the replicative mechanism, resulting in a copy of the transposon being inserted at a new site while the original remains in place. This transposition is completed with the final ligation step, which reintegrates the transposon into the newly cut site in the DNA.