Final answer:
Scoliosis can cause breathing problems due to thoracic compression and restricted lung capacity from the curvature of the spine, which reduces the space available for lung expansion and affects proper breathing mechanics and gas exchange.
Step-by-step explanation:
People with scoliosis often develop breathing problems due to the abnormal lateral curvature and twisting of the vertebral column, which can lead to thoracic compression and a reduction in lung capacity. This deformation can compromise the chest cavity, thus making breathing more difficult due to the reduced space for lung expansion. In severe cases of scoliosis, the curvature of the spine may push against the lungs and reduce their ability to fully expand, leading to restricted breathing patterns and decreased oxygen intake. Additionally, the unequal loading on the musculoskeletal system can lead to a V/Q mismatch, further affecting breathing and gas exchange.