Final answer:
Jacques Cartier arrived in Canada through the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1534, leading to French colonization efforts including trade with Indigenous peoples and the expansion of New France.
Step-by-step explanation:
French explorer Jacques Cartier arrived in Canada through the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the year 1534. This event marked the beginning of France's interest in colonizing North America, which further led to the establishment of their first settlement at Charlesbourg-Royal, and later the fort at Quebec by Samuel de Champlain. Cartier's voyages laid the groundwork for French trade networks with local Indigenous populations and the eventual expansion of New France which included the St. Lawrence Seaway.