Final answer:
To move towards independence, American colonists first overthrew royal authority and formed provincial congresses. Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' inspired colonists and contributed to public support for independence. Lastly, the Continental Congress drafted and approved the Declaration of Independence, formally establishing the colonies' intention to sever ties with Britain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The American colonists took several key steps towards their decision to declare independence from Great Britain. Initially, as tensions escalated, the colonists overthrew royal authority, shutting down courts and expelling royal officials, a response to various actions by the British government which suggested increased control and taxation without representation. With royal governance structures collapsing, they formed provincial congresses to manage the demands of emerging conflicts and governance. These congresses played a crucial role in sustaining the colonies during transitional times.
Secondly, inspired by the surge of political thought, pamphlets such as Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' presented plain arguments advocating for independence, affecting public opinion and the sentiments within the colonial legislative bodies. Paine's writings effectively summarized the frustrations and beliefs of the colonists, contributing to the growing sentiment for independence. In addition, the colonies began to adopt state governments to replace colonial ones, upon the recommendation of the Continental Congress, thereby setting the groundwork for complete autonomy.
Finally, the Continental Congress took action by appointing a committee to draft a formal declaration. This resulted in the creation of the Declaration of Independence, which was subsequently released and approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration articulated the colonies' reasons for seeking independence, formally breaking political ties with Great Britain, and marking a critical step towards becoming 'free and independent states.'