Final answer:
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used for treating narcotic and alcohol dependence due to its ability to block opioid receptors. Clinically, it is administred orally and is long-acting, with potential adverse effects including gastrointestinal issues and rare liver toxicity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mechanism of Action of Naltrexone
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that is clinically used for the management of narcotic dependence and alcohol disorders. Unlike agonists, which enhance neurotransmitter activity, an antagonist like naltrexone blocks opioid receptors in the brain. When taken, it prevents the euphoric and sedative effects of opiates by competitively binding to the opioid receptors without activating them. This blockade is effective for promoting abstinence from narcotics because subsequent use of opiates will produce diminished or no effect.
Clinical Uses
Naltrexone is primarily used for the treatment of narcotic dependence in part due to its ability to be administered orally and its long-acting nature, requiring only a single dose of 50 to 100 mg daily. It is also used to support abstinence in alcohol dependence, leveraging its effect of reducing the rewarding aspects of alcohol consumption.
Potential Adverse Effects
While naltrexone is valuable in substance abuse treatment, it can have some adverse effects. These may include gastrointestinal discomfort, headaches, insomnia, and, rarely, liver toxicity. Individuals with acute hepatitis or liver failure are advised against using this medication.