Final answer:
Option B, Encoding and retrieval, is the correct answer as these two steps align with the three essential functions of memory, which are encoding, storage, and retrieval, according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you've asked relates to the three basic functions of our memory system, which are essential for learners. According to our memory processes, these functions are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the act of getting information into our memory system through automatic or effortful processing.
Storage is the retention of the information. Lastly, retrieval is the act of getting information out of storage and into conscious awareness through recall, recognition, and relearning.
Regarding your multiple-choice question, the steps of memory that we as learners are most interested in are B) Encoding and retrieval. Encoding is crucial as it involves getting the information into our memory system, while retrieval is important for accessing this stored information later on.
Hence, option B is the correct choice which aligns with the three functions of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. The correct option is B.