Final answer:
The flora and fauna of Pangaea during the Late Permian were characterized by high biodiversity with adaptations to a dry climate, but this biodiversity was dramatically reduced due to the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, which marked the end of the Permian Period.
Step-by-step explanation:
The flora and fauna of Pangaea during the Late Permian were characterized by a diverse array of life forms that were adapted to extreme temperatures and a dry climate. However, this period ended with the most massive extinction ever recorded, wiping out an estimated 95 percent of the existing species. This mass extinction marked the end of the Permian Period and significantly reduced biodiversity. The dominant species of Permian reptiles disappeared, allowing for dinosaurs to emerge and diversify during the Mesozoic Era. Although the Permian Period saw adaptations such as waxy leaves and leathery skin to prevent water loss, these adaptations could not prevent the coming catastrophe.