Final answer:
Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs are a fundamental example of classical conditioning, where dogs learned to associate a bell sound (conditioned stimulus) with food, leading to salivation (conditioned response) at the sound alone.
Step-by-step explanation:
Classical Conditioning in Pavlov's Experiments
The work of Ivan Pavlov with dogs is a classic example of classical conditioning in psychology. Initially, Pavlov observed that the dogs would salivate (unconditioned response) when presented with food (unconditioned stimulus). During his experiments, he introduced a bell sound before the presentation of food. After several trials, the dogs began to associate the bell sound with food and started salivating at the sound alone, thereby making the bell a conditioned stimulus and the salivation to the bell a conditioned response. This shows how behavioral responses can be learned through association.