Final answer:
In a residential single-phase service, the identified (neutral) conductor must be bonded to the ground for safety purposes. The neutral wire is connected to the ground to ensure it is at zero volts and provides a return path for the current. The ground connection also protects against electric shocks and completes the circuit.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a residential single-phase service, the identified (neutral) conductor must be bonded to the ground. This is done to ensure safety by providing a low-resistance path for current to flow in case of a fault.
Connecting the neutral wire to the ground, forces the neutral wire to be at zero volts relative to the ground, making it safe to touch even if its insulation is missing. The neutral wire acts as a return path for the current to complete the circuit.
The ground connection also ensures that the case of the appliance is at zero volts, protecting against electric shocks. It provides an alternative path for current through the earth, completing the circuit and reducing the risk of electrical hazards.