Final answer:
The guidelines for using force and determining when excessive force has been used involve the principles of defensive force and retaliatory force. Defensive force is used when one's rights are threatened and is aimed at defending oneself and one's safety. Retaliatory force is a form of retribution against those who initiated force upon an individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
The guidelines for using force and determining when excessive force has been used involve the principles of defensive force and retaliatory force. Defensive force is used when one's rights are threatened and is aimed at defending oneself and one's safety. Retaliatory force is a form of retribution against those who initiated force upon an individual. It is important to note that force should be used within the boundaries of non-coercive policy and should only serve to protect individuals and uphold justice.