Final answer:
The correct option is 1) Anthropology.
The system that focuses on human nature, ideals, and achievements is philosophy, characterized by anthropocentric views in Western traditions and differentiated from the holistic, ecological and cultural approach of anthropology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The system of thought that focuses on nature, ideals, and achievements of human beings is known as philosophy. Traditional Western philosophies are often anthropocentric, meaning they view humans as the central element of importance. Philosophers from ancient Greece to the Enlightenment era have sought to understand the natural world mainly as a means to improve human societies.
Such explorations include establishing ethical codes, political theories, and understanding human motivations. Conversely, anthropology embraces a holistic view, examining humans within a broader ecological and cultural context, recognizing the interdependence of humans and nature. The anthropological approach values the cultural and biological diversity and change over time, highlighting the engagement humans have with their environment.