Final answer:
The Dalmatian is the dog breed that surged in popularity in America beginning in 1956 and is named after a region in Croatia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dog breed that surged in popularity in America beginning in 1956 and gets its name from the southern coastal region of Croatia is the Dalmatian. The Dalmatian is known for its distinctive coat of black or liver spots on a white background.
This breed has played a transformative role in human cultures historically and is often associated with firehouses and as mascot dogs due to their history of running alongside carriages, helping to clear the way and guarding the horses and coach when at rest.