Final answer:
The chromosome shorthand to designate a normal male is 46,XY, indicating a male with one X and one Y sex chromosome, as opposed to the female 46,XX complement or chromosomal abnormalities like 45,X or 47,XXY.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chromosome shorthand used to designate a normal male is 46,XY. This notation indicates that a typical male has 46 chromosomes in total, with one X chromosome and one Y chromosome comprising the sex chromosomes pair involved in sex determination. Females, on the other hand, typically have a 46,XX chromosome complement. The chromosome shorthand for other conditions includes 45,X for Turner syndrome (a phenotypically female individual), and 47,XXY for one type of Klinefelter syndrome (a phenotypically male individual with certain physical traits). The correct designation reflects the standard human male karyotype, which includes 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (the X and Y).