Final answer:
The term that characterizes the statement 'A student has to study the material presented by the teacher' is Education.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that characterizes the statement "A student has to study the material presented by the teacher" is C) Education. This is because the statement is referring to a process in which the student is participating in a formalized learning system where material is taught and the expectation is that the student engages with this material through study. The other options, Learning, Memorization, Obedience, may all play a part in education, but they do not fully capture the broader concept of a student's role within an educational system as signified by the need to study teacher-presented material.