Final answer:
Some common thorax and lung variations seen in older adults include decreased thoracic kyphosis, decreased residual volume, and enhanced cough reflex.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some common thorax and lung variations seen in older adults include:
- Decreased thoracic kyphosis: This refers to a decrease in the normal forward curvature of the upper spine. It can result in a more flattened thoracic cage, reducing lung capacity and lung function.
- Decreased residual volume: Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum expiration. In older adults, this volume tends to decrease, making it harder for them to fully exhale and causing a feeling of breathlessness.
- Enhanced cough reflex: Older adults may experience a heightened cough reflex, making them more prone to coughing or experiencing coughing fits. This can be due to changes in the nerve sensitivity or irritability of the airway lining.