Final answer:
Frequent early-life stress is associated with neurological changes that increase the risk of developing psychological disorders. Chronic stress affects brain chemistry and structure, leading to mental health issues such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
Experiencing frequent stress in early life is a risk factor for developing psychological disorders later in life primarily due to neurological changes that occur. Stress can produce both physiological and psychological responses, leading to chronic illnesses and aggravating pre-existing conditions. The body's response to stress in the long term can include changes in brain chemistry and structure, such as alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters and the reduction in the size of the hippocampus, which are associated with memory and mood regulation. As a result, individuals who have experienced frequent or chronic stress—especially at an early age—may be at a greater risk for developing psychological disorders like PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders.
Answer: c) Neurological changes