(all of the above) Effective health care requires collaboration among patients and physicians and other health care professionals. Open and honest communication, respect for personal values, and sensitivity to differences are integral to optimal patient care. Hospitals must ensure a health care ethic that respects the time if patients in decision making about treatment choices and other aspects of their care. Hospitals must be sensitive to cultural, racial, linguistic, religious, age, gender, and other differences as well as the needs of persons with disabilities.