Final answer:
The coalescence stage is when people in a social movement begin organizing, fundraising, and lobbying political officials. It is the second stage of a social movement's life cycle, following the preliminary stage of awareness, and crucial for gaining momentum and support.
Step-by-step explanation:
The stage of a social movement when people begin organizing, donating money, and lobbying political officials is known as the coalescence stage. This is the second stage outlined by sociologists like Blumer and Tilly, occurring after the preliminary stage where awareness of an issue develops and leaders emerge. The coalescence stage involves collective action where individuals join forces to publicize the social issue and increase awareness on a larger scale, often using social media and other means to coordinate and amplify their message.
For example, during President Obama's 2008 campaign, this stage was marked by extensive organizing through social media platforms, which significantly boosted volunteer engagement and overall organizational reach without geographic boundaries. It is in this coalescence stage where movements gain momentum through increased participation, fundraising, and strategic action to influence policy and public opinion.