Final answer:
Facts are defined as observable realities that can be proven using evidence and empirical research, distinguishing them from opinions, behaviors, and theories.
Step-by-step explanation:
Facts are defined as observable realities. This definition is crucial in distinguishing facts from opinions, behaviors, and theories. In research, facts can only be established using evidence collected through empirical research. They are the aspects of the world that can be perceived and objectively measured by human beings. An example of a fact is that the sun rises in the East. This contrasts with opinions, which are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be based on accurate information. When a theory, like the theory of evolution, is supported by extensive observation and empirical research, it is considered 'likely to be accurate,' but it remains subject to being disproven or modified as more data is collected. Therefore, the correct answer to the schoolwork question is b. facts.