Final answer:
The principle pertaining to the legitimacy of different treatment for non-comparable situations is most relevant in human rights law. It involves the application of the rational basis test and strict scrutiny standard to assess if discrimination is legally permissible.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle that different treatment of non-comparable situations does not amount to discrimination is most relevant in the field of human rights law. In the context of discrimination, the rational basis test allows for discrimination if it is 'rationally related to a legitimate government interest.' This could justify policies that, for example, prevent blind people from driving for safety reasons. However, criteria like race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or national origin are subject to much stricter review through the strict scrutiny standard. This standard requires the government to prove a compelling interest for the discriminatory practice, ensuring it is the least restrictive means to achieve its goal. Identifying whether a situation involves similarly circumstanced individuals is crucial in determining the lawfulness of potential discrimination.