Final Answer:
Mesophiles are organisms thriving at moderate temperatures between 10 to 50 degrees Celsius, commonly found in environments akin to human body temperature. Psychrophiles grow in near-zero temperatures, often below 15 degrees Celsius, while Thermophiles require temperatures exceeding 45 degrees Celsius for growth, each adapting to distinct thermal ranges. Thus the correct option is a) Mesophiles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mesophiles are organisms that thrive in moderate temperatures ranging from 10 to 50 degrees Celsius. They encompass various microorganisms, including many bacteria and fungi, commonly found in environments with temperatures akin to that of the human body or ambient conditions. These organisms flourish in conditions typical of terrestrial environments where humans and other mammals reside, making them significant in various ecological systems and industrial applications.
Psychrophiles, on the other hand, are specifically adapted to grow at lower temperatures, near or even below 0 degrees Celsius, with their optimal growth temperature typically below 15 degrees Celsius. They're found in extremely cold environments like polar regions, glaciers, or deep ocean waters.
Thermophiles require high temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius for growth. They are often found in locations like hot springs, volcanic areas, or compost heaps. Their ability to thrive in extreme heat makes them valuable for biotechnological processes that require elevated temperatures.
Understanding these temperature preferences among microorganisms is crucial in various fields including microbiology, biotechnology, and environmental sciences. Each category of organisms has its own unique adaptations and biological features that enable them to survive and thrive in their preferred temperature ranges, influencing their roles in different ecosystems and applications.Thus the correct option is a) Mesophiles.