Final answer:
The two pharmacologic properties that primarily determine drug elimination from the body are metabolism and excretion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two pharmacologic properties of drugs that primarily determine drug elimination from the body are metabolism and excretion. Once a drug is absorbed and distributed within the body, it undergoes metabolism, which generally occurs in the liver. Here, the drug is transformed into more water-soluble metabolites, making it easier for excretion. Afterwards, the drug or its metabolites are excreted, predominantly through the kidneys into the urine, but also can be excreted through bile, feces, breath, sweat, and saliva. The correct answer to the student's question, therefore, is option c) Metabolism and excretion.