Question

Determine which of the following arguments are valid. Enter your answer(s) by using the capital letter that represents each option and separate multiple answers with commas.

A: All local public schools are closed due to the snow. Mark attends a local public school, so his school is closed because of the snow.

B: Everyone in Miss Easy's class was exempt from the exam. Kathy is in Miss Easy's class, so she was exempt from the exam.

C: Everyone who is on the team was at practice. Donna was at practice, so she is on the team.

D: Everyone in the stadium is on their feet. Don is in the stadium, so he is on his feet.

Answer 1

The valid arguments are A, B, and D; each concludes correctly based on their given premises. C is invalid because being at practice doesn't imply team membership.

Step-by-step explanation:

When evaluating the arguments A through D, we must apply rules of logical inference to identify which are valid. An argument is valid if, assuming the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

A valid argument: B. The premises are that everyone in Miss Easy's class was exempt from the exam and Kathy is in Miss Easy's class. The conclusion is that Kathy was exempt from the exam, which follows logically from the premises.

The statements:
A: is valid because it directly applies to Mark's situation.
C: is not valid because being at practice doesn't necessarily mean Donna is on the team.
D: is valid assuming Don is not exempt from the statement about everyone being on their feet.