Final answer:
The influenza virus causes serious respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and is highly contagious. COPD, often related to tobacco smoking, is a progressive lung disease affecting the alveoli and includes conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Vaccinations are crucial for those with COPD due to their susceptibility to infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract
A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages is the influenza virus, commonly known as the flu. It can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
Influenza primarily affects the upper respiratory tract but can also extend into the lower respiratory tract.
This virus is highly contagious and is spread mainly through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a progressive disease that describes two main conditions: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is mainly caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke.
People with COPD have difficulty breathing, and maintaining up-to-date vaccinations can help prevent respiratory infections that could worsen their condition.
In individuals with COPD, the alveoli, or air sacs, in the lungs are damaged, making it hard to breathe and get oxygen into the bloodstream.
This damage is in stark contrast to the alveoli in a normal lung, which are healthy and efficient at gas exchange. Besides smoking, other causes of respiratory diseases include environmental pollutants and genetic factors.