Final answer:
The artist used hatching to create shading and form in the image, and contour lines to outline shapes and figures. Chiaroscuro is exemplified in Michelangelo's work through a similar use of hatching and cross-hatching, different from linear perspective, which is not the technique used in this particular image.
Step-by-step explanation:
The artistic technique clearly used when drawing the image in question is hatching, as evidenced by the presence of closely spaced parallel lines to show shading and form. This technique is exemplified in Albrecht Dürer's woodblock print of The Four Horsemen from The Apocalypse, where hatching is used to indicate areas of shadow, such as on the left side of a hat, enhancing the three-dimensional appearance of the objects depicted. Additionally, the concept of contour lines is used to outline shapes and figures within the image, contributing to its form and volume.
Another important aspect to consider is chiaroscuro, the use of dark and light to give the illusion of volume in a two-dimensional space, which is a method Michelangelo employed in his drawing Head of a Youth and Right Hand through his use of hatching and cross-hatching techniques.
Although linear perspective is another technique that creates the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface, it involves the use of parallel lines that recede into the horizon, typically used in images of buildings or landscapes, and is not the primary technique illustrated in the described image.