Final answer:
Taste is detected when food chemicals bind to receptors on the microvilli of taste buds, located on the tongue's papillae, which send nerve impulses to the brain to perceive different tastes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Taste is detected when chemicals in food bind to receptors on the microvilli of taste buds. These sensory structures are located predominantly on the tongue within the bumps known as papillae. Taste receptor cells within taste buds make contact with tasting chemicals through openings called taste pores. When specific chemicals, or tastants, bind with these sensory cells, nerve impulses are generated and sent to the brain, allowing us to perceive different tastes such as sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. The accurate answer from the provided options is therefore (c) Taste buds.