Question

Atherosclerosis results in the deposition of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. The first steps that "trigger" the initial formation of atherosclerotic plaque include ______________.

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis is initiated by the accumulation of LDLs in artery walls, causing inflammation and attracting white blood cells, which leads to plaque formation. This builds up and narrows the arteries, disrupting blood flow, and is exacerbated by factors like high cholesterol and smoking.

Step-by-step explanation:

The first steps that trigger the initial formation of atherosclerotic plaque include the accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) inside the endothelial cells of artery walls, which leads to inflammation. This inflammation then attracts white blood cells to the area, starting the formation of the plaque. A cascade of immune responses contributes further to the plaque's growth, with risk factors such as hypertension, high levels of LDL cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking accelerating the process.

As the plaque accumulates, it becomes a complex substance including cell debris, cholesterol, calcium, and connective tissue. This buildup narrows the arteries and disrupts blood flow. Over time, the artery walls thicken and stiffen, a process known as atherosclerosis.