Question

Q2). Which of the following accurately summarizes the substrate-level phosphorylation strategy of ATP synthesis in glycolysis?

A) Electrons and hydrogen atoms are transferred to NAD+, which then transfers a phosphate to ADP to make ATP.

B) Phosphate groups are transferred exergonically from high-energy phosphorylated intermediates to ADP to make ATP.

C) Energy from the sun is used to create a proton gradient that is used by an ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.

D) Electrons are transported through a series of carriers to reduce substrates and drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.

Answer 1

Substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis is when high-energy phosphate groups from phosphorylated intermediates are transferred to ADP to make ATP, a process catalyzed by specific enzymes like phosphoglycerate kinase.

Step-by-step explanation:

The substrate-level phosphorylation strategy of ATP synthesis in glycolysis can be accurately summarized by option B: Phosphate groups are transferred exergonically from high-energy phosphorylated intermediates to ADP to make ATP. During this process, specific enzymes, like phosphoglycerate kinase, catalyze the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate, such as 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, to ADP, thereby forming ATP. This process differs from oxidative phosphorylation, which involves the creation of a proton gradient and the movement of electrons through a series of carriers to indirectly drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.