Question

Enoxaparin, fondaparinux, rivaroxaban cannot be used in what patients?

a) Patients with liver disease
b) Patients with a history of bleeding disorders
c) Patients with severe renal impairment
d) Patients with a history of heart failure

Answer 1

Enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and rivaroxaban cannot be used in patients with severe renal impairment. Patients with liver disease and a history of bleeding disorders should also avoid these medications.

Step-by-step explanation:

Enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and rivaroxaban cannot be used in patients with severe renal impairment. These medications are primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys, so if a patient has reduced kidney function, their clearance of these drugs may be impaired, leading to an increased risk of drug accumulation and potential side effects.

Patients with liver disease may also have reduced clearance of these medications, particularly rivaroxaban, which is metabolized by the liver. Therefore, caution should be exercised when prescribing them to patients with liver disease.

Patients with a history of bleeding disorders should also avoid these medications, as they can increase the risk of bleeding.

Patients with a history of heart failure can generally use these medications, although careful monitoring and appropriate dose adjustments may be required.