Final answer:
A feature in an SCBA that provides backup air supply in case of primary system failure is called a redundant air supply system, which is essential for safety in high-risk environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The feature that automatically provides a backup method for air to be supplied to the regulator of an SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) if the primary passage malfunctions is known as a redundant air supply system. This safety mechanism ensures that the user can continue to receive air in the event of a failure with the primary system. Such a system is crucial for high-risk environments where reliable air supply is essential for the user's safety. In the context of a BSL-4 laboratory, as referenced in the supporting information, having a reliable air supply system is critical to ensure the safety of the individual by maintaining positive pressure and preventing contamination.