Question

Twelve-year-old Cawley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self-identity even though he was raised without a father or father substitute. This fact represents the most serious threat to ________ theory of personality.

1) Maslow's
2) Freud's
3) Bandura's
4) Rogers'
5) Allport's

Answer 1

Cawley's strong masculine identity without a father figure is most contradictory to Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, which underscores the importance of early childhood experiences and the presence of a father or father substitute in development.

Step-by-step explanation:

The fact that twelve-year-old Cawley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self-identity despite being raised without a father or father figure represents the most serious threat to Sigmund Freud's theory of personality. Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the importance of the father figure in the psychosexual stages of development, positing that early childhood experiences and family dynamics are critical for personality formation. The presence of active masculinity in Cawley without this figure challenges Freud's view that personality is significantly influenced by the father or father substitute in the early stages of development.

The fact that Cawley's masculinity has developed without a father figure challenges Freud's theory and suggests that other factors may play a significant role in shaping personality.