Final answer:
rNTP misincorporation Deamination refers to the spontaneous deamination of DNA nucleobases, leading to mutations if uncorrected. Enzymatic mechanisms exist to repair such changes, including nucleotide excision repair, which preserves DNA integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
rNTP misincorporation Deamination is related to spontaneous deamination of cytosine residues in DNA, which can yield uracil and potentially cause a mutation unless the change is repaired. This process involves the hydrolytic removal of an amino (-NH2) group from nucleobases such as guanine, cytosine, or adenine. If left uncorrected, deamination can result in a base substitution, potentially leading to a point mutation. However, a well-developed repair system exists that enzymatically removes uracil and replaces the empty deoxyribose phosphate with the correct deoxycytidine phosphate. Another relevant repair mechanism is nucleotide excision repair, which removes damaged bases, including those resulting from deamination, to maintain the integrity of the DNA sequence.