Final answer:
A burn of more than 15% to 20% TBSA in adults and more than 10% to 15% in children increases the risk for hypovolemic shock. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation with IV fluids and potentially medications like dopamine and epinephrine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The percentage of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) burn that increases the risk for hypovolemic shock is generally considered to be any burn that encompasses more than 15% to 20% TBSA for adults, and more than 10% to 15% in children. The size of a burn will guide decisions about the need for specialized treatment, as different parts of the body are associated with specific percentages of TBSA.
To prevent hypovolemic shock in burn victims, the initial treatment typically involves administering large volumes of intravenous fluids to restore circulatory volume and maintain blood pressure. Fluid resuscitation is crucial, often following a formula such as the Parkland formula to calculate fluid needs over the first 24 hours after a burn. Additionally, medications like dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine may be used to support heart function and maintain adequate blood pressure during treatment.