Final answer:
Glucose is the molecule that enters kidney cells via a specific transporter known as the SGLT, which allows for the reabsorption of glucose from urine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The molecule from the options provided that enters kidney cells via a specific transporter is glucose. In kidney cells, glucose is transported across the cell membrane through facilitated diffusion using specific glucose transporters. These transporters include the SGLT (Sodium-Glucose Transporter), which symports glucose together with sodium ions. This process is essential for the reabsorption of glucose from the urinary filtrate back into the bloodstream, preventing the loss of glucose in urine.