Final answer:
Guru Arjan was the fifth Guru of Sikhism who played a key role in compiling the Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, and in commissioning the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
Step-by-step explanation:
Guru Arjan is b) The fifth Guru of Sikhism who compiled the Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib. He holds a significant place in Sikh history for a number of contributions. He compiled the Adi Granth, the first edition of the Guru Granth Sahib, which is considered the final, sovereign, and eternal Guru of Sikhism. Beyond his literary contributions, Guru Arjan is also remembered for commissioning the construction of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar, a central worship place for Sikhs.
It is important to note that Guru Nanak Dev Ji was the founder of Sikhism, and the Sikh community faced persecution from Mughal rulers like Aurangzeb, who executed the ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that emerged in the Punjab region by blending elements from Hinduism and Islam, and it is characterized by a belief in a universal God, the rejection of the caste system, and a focus on equality and justice.