Final answer:
The correct answer is Def Jam Records, Rick Rubin. Run-DMC's 1986 album 'Raising Hell' and the Beastie Boys' 1986 album 'Licensed to Ill' were both released by Def Jam Records.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is a) Def Jam Records, Rick Rubin. Run-DMC's 1986 album 'Raising Hell' and the Beastie Boys' 1986 album 'Licensed to Ill' were both released by Def Jam Records. Rick Rubin is the co-founder of Def Jam Records along with Russell Simmons. Def Jam Records is known for its significant contributions to the development of hip-hop music and its roster of influential artists.